Assignment: Scandinavian Narcolepsy

Assignment: Scandinavian Narcolepsy

Assignment: Scandinavian Narcolepsy

nfluenza

Bilal, Ivona, Kieu & Liam
Question

You are GP in a busy community practice. A patient who is eligible for the Flu vaccine comes to receive her annual jab. She can’t understand why she needs to get this every year and wants to get a one shot to protect her permanently. How would you advise her and what the possibilities for one shot vaccine?

Types of influenza virus
There are 3 types of influenza:

Influenza A which affects Birds and mammals

Influenza B and influenza C infect humans only

Mention why A, B and C are different3
Epidemiology

Aussies are used to predict suspected prominent strains

Doesn’t always work

Low efficacy amongst certain demographics

Countries with Clear winter to predict seasonality

countries that do not have clear seasons suffer with a year round dominant strain

4Transmission
Transmission: Spread up to 6 feet,

When infected people cough, sneeze, touch or talk

(Aerosoles).

Also via contaminated objects (Formites)

Social patterns (i.e. during school holiday reduce transmission)

Pathology
Usually replicates throughout respiratory tree in epithelial cells .

Mild cases would affect upper respiratory tree, if left untreated, the illness could spread to the lower part of the respiratory tract (pneumonia).

Diagnostic tests include: Accurate tests use RT-PCR alongside immunohistochemical tests for confirmation
Symptoms

High fever

Build up of mucous in airways (coryza)

Cough

Headache

Fatigue (prostration)

Inflammation of upper respiratory
Consequences

Spanish flu: 1918 – 50 to 100 million people world wide died as result

Killed young and healthy adults as well as those at risk – major pandemic

Can develop into pneumonia, bronchitis, aveolitis sinusitis and pulmonary oedema and pulmonary haemorrhage.

Even if eradicated in Humans there is still Animal reservoirs
Herd Immunity

– In Novgorod, Russia, teachers in classrooms with students that were vaccinated and unvaccinated were protected

9Available vaccines
Seasonal Vaccination
Effectiveness

Antigenicity

Get flu- like symptoms

Reduces risk of flu illness by 40-60% in the overall population during season when most flu viruses are well matched to the flu vaccine

11
Trivalent

Definition: Flu shot against 3 strains of influenza expected to circulate throughout flu season (one type B, two type A)

Standard-dose trivalent shots

A high dose trivalent shot

Recombinant trivalent shot that is egg free

Scandinavian Narcolepsy
Quadrivalent

Definition: Flu shot against 4 strains of influenza expected to circulate throughout flu season (two type B, and two type A)

Quadrivalent flu shots

An interdermal quadrivalent flu shot

A recombinant quadrivalent flu shot
One shot

Vaccine definition

“Universal” flu vaccine that protects against all human influenza strains, which means for influenza A, main strains, bird flu, as well as past pandemic strains

Why can’t it work

Antigenic variation that occurs within the strains of influenza which can to a variety of subtypes

Animal reservoir and mixing vessels
Mixing vessels: theory within pigs that genetic assortment can occur between avian and human

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Provides strength and rigidity
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